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Make America Great Again Political Cartoon

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American campaign slogan

Trump'due south "Make America Not bad Once more!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign earlier Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Great Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential entrada. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Brand America Swell Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Beak Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used information technology again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary entrada. Douglas Schoen has called Trump'due south use of the phrase "probably the most resonant entrada slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the state was in decline.[two] [3]

The slogan became a pop culture miracle, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding it every bit dog-whistle politics and coded language.[iv] [5] [six] [7] The slogan was besides at the center of 2 events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett assault hoax and the Jan 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [10] [11]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was starting time used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech communication at the third session of the 76th The states Congress in anticipation of the 1940 United states of america presidential election: "What is the way? Here is America. In that location are 130,000,000 of united states of america. America needs a leader who tin can coordinate labor, capital, and management; who can give the man of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which volition afford vision. That volition make America dandy once more."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was institute in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[thirteen]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let'due south make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country'south economic distress equally a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[14] [15] [16] [17] Within his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, specially in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned hope, nosotros'll restore promise and we'll welcome them into a slap-up national crusade to make America great again."[18] [xix]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was likewise used in speeches[20] past Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton likewise used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential master campaign.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump'due south version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a bulletin to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economic system you had 50 years ago, and... move y'all back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell's book about her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a U.s.a. Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin's Press on August sixteen, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let's Practise What It Takes to Make America Great Again.[24]

Use by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Brand America Dandy Once again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, in a higher place all else, we must brand America great again."[25] Too in December 2011, he published a book using equally a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #1 Over again" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Nifty Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Brand America Bully Over again" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January 1, 2012, a group of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State'south role to create the "Make America Neat Again Party", which would have allowed Trump to be that political party's nominee if he had decided to go a 3rd-party candidate in the 2012 presidential ballot.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Mitt Romney. Past his ain account, Trump first considered "We Will Make America Great", but did non feel like it had the right "ring" to it. "Make America Great" was his next slogan thought, but upon farther reflection, he felt that information technology was a slight to America because it implied that America was never great. Later selecting "Make America Smashing Once again", Trump immediately had an attorney annals it. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan's utilize in 1980 until 2015, merely noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On November 12 he signed an awarding with the United States Patent and Trademark Function requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. Information technology was registered equally a service mark on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Make America Great Again" on a roadside in California shortly after the November 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Go along America Great" hat in Dec 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, specially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which presently became pop among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so of import to the entrada that at i betoken it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real hat x to one. "...but it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys one, that's an advertizement."[28]

Following Trump'due south election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would exist "Keep America Great" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] However, Trump's 2020 campaign continued to use the "Brand America Dandy Once again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America swell over again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule.[36] In belatedly 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[37]

Less than a week later Trump left role, he spoke to advisors about mayhap establishing a tertiary party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Brand America Great Once again Party". In his first few days out of office, he likewise supported Arizona land party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In late January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Political party equally leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[38] [39]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the entrada slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump dedicated himself past tweeting "My utilize of social media is non Presidential – it'south MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Again!" on July 1, 2017.[twoscore]

In the showtime one-half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[41] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a mail's retweet-and-favorite count, which is of import given that the average Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[41]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[42] According to RiteTag,[43] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[43]

Donald Trump set his Twitter business relationship in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the announcement (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Political party nomination (May iii, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[44]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Voice of America journalist, amid others,[5] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't only appeal to people who hear it as racist coded language, just also to those who accept felt a loss of condition as other groups have become more empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan at present resonates as America Outset did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks similar me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[45]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[due west]earing a 'Make America Dandy Once again' lid is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you wear one, information technology's a pretty good indication that you share, adore or appreciate President Trump's racist views nigh Mexicans, Muslims and edge walls."[6] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did non believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[46] [47] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan every bit "fabulous", writing: "It was vague enough to entreatment to optimists more often than not, while leaving enough of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[48] Polling has shown that about ten percent of black voters identified equally Trump supporters,[49] [ not-primary source needed ] while about thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified equally Trump supporters.[l] [ ameliorate source needed ]

Use past others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Simply Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Groovy Over again [51] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr afterwards the Invasion of Iraq and early on years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book nearly her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Permit's Do What It Takes To Make America Great Over again.[52]

After Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of information technology were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to send cease-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Over again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016 contend.[53] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump'southward immigration policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico edge.[54] [55]

Use by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 bill signing.[56] [57] Former US Attorney Full general Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did y'all think America was not bad?"[58] [59] During John McCain'south memorial service on September ane, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to exist made keen again because America was always great."[60] Trump subsequently tweeted "Brand AMERICA GREAT Over again!" later that twenty-four hour period.[61]

Use by detest groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were unremarkably used past white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[62]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The final judgement of the spoken communication delivered past him was "make our planet nifty once more."[63]

During his entrada for the 2019 Indonesian presidential ballot in October 2018, sometime opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia smashing again", though he denied having copied Trump.[64]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make Eu Lagom Once more".[65] [66]

February 2019 Fridays for Hereafter protest in Berlin with the line "Brand Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Movement have ofttimes used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[67] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary moving-picture show named Make the World Greta Again.[68]

In popular culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Brand America Rage Again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Make America Peachy Again" catchphrase as it appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult amusement [edit]

  • Adult picture show star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Once again" strip club tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[69]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Douse-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Douse Over again".[70]

Artwork [edit]

  • Brand Everything Great Again was a street art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[71] [72]

One-act [edit]

  • Comedian David Cantankerous'southward 2016 stand up-upwards tour was titled "Making America Neat Again".[73]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an clan with Adult Swim and Drawing Network, and dressed every bit the World Trade Center during the September xi attacks, wore "Brand FishCenter Nifty Again" hats.[74] [75] [76]

Fashion [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Blood-red Carpet e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[77]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Great Once again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[78]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Great Over again" fez hat in i scene.[79]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado v: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Again".[80]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would subsequently utilise as his 2020 campaign slogan); 1 of the TV spots for the movie featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does and so "to continue my country [America] great".[81] The next film in the franchise, The First Purge, was subsequently advertised with a affiche featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[82]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the film.[83]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin'south Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Great Again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld great once again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Brand America Nazi-Free Again" in its marketing campaign.[84]
  • In Metal Gear Rise: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Bully Again" during his speech while battling Raiden.[85]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Male child released a remix of their album American Dazzler/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Once again.[86]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 chosen Grand.A.T.A, pregnant Make America Trap Again.[87]
  • Make America Stone Again was a rock concert tour.[88]
  • Rap stone supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Colina, called their 2017 nationwide bout the "Make America Rage Again Bout", using a phase backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • United kingdom musician and author James Kennedy released a stone protest anthology in 2020 called 'Brand ANGER Great Over again'[89]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Again".[90]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Make America Great Again" on his album Exist More Kind (2018).
  • Vocaliser Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Great Once again" a few months later appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[91]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a lid maxim Make America Skate again in Take chances the Rapper's video No Trouble
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with encompass art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" affiche.[92]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Great Again.[93]
  • Metal ring Thy Art Is Murder released a song chosen "Make America Hate Again" on their album Man Target (2019). They also sell a hat with the slogan "Brand Deathcore Great Once again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a chapeau saying "Make Baseball Fun Once again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Writer Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Not bad Once again" as the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[94] Jarret is described as "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[95]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Appointment Over again",[96] a satirical volume on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Final Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Brand Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family unit.[97] [98] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[98]
  • In the South Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump's, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[99]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "brand the Empire glorious once again", a line that was compared to Trump past many reviewers.[100] [101] [102] [103]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May thirty, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the blackness people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
  2. ^ Schoen, Douglas (Apr 8, 2016). "Donald Trump saw what politicians ignored. And and then he disrupted American politics". Fox News . Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  3. ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (November 18, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Anything In America Works Anymore". Huff Post . Retrieved Nov 5, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Melton, Marissa (August 31, 2017). "Is 'Make America Great Again' Racist?". Voice of America. Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Hashemite kingdom of jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump campaign swag or symbols of hate?". Detroit Costless Printing . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February 5, 2019). "MAGA hats and blackface are different forms of expression, only they share a certain unfortunate DNA". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved Oct 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Call Them past Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump's slogan, 'Make America neat again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never Land of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blue-colour manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women vest in the habitation, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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  22. ^ "2008 Clinton Campaign Advertizing: Bill Clinton: Hillary Will "Make America Keen Again"". YouTube . Retrieved July 21, 2017.
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  35. ^ Kumar, Anita (May 20, 2020). "Trump tries on MAGA two.0 for a pandemic era". Politico. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
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  43. ^ a b "#maga Hashtag Analytics". RiteTag . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
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  58. ^ "Holder to Trump: 'Exactly when did you think America was smashing?'". MSNBC. March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019. Holder besides discusses the Trump slogan of 'Make America Slap-up Again', posing the question: 'when did you recall America was great?'
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  66. ^ "Svenskarnas starka stöd för Eu kan inte tas för givet" (in Swedish). Swedish Christian Democratic Political party. April five, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
  67. ^ "Greta Thunberg tells Rome: They have stolen our future". Republica. April 19, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

sototoloses.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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